If you're looking to relax and rejuvenate after your workouts, I'd definitely recommend trying Epsom salt soaks. I love the Coach Soak Recovery Bath Soak with calming lavender and the Dr. Teals varieties, which are perfect for muscle recovery. The soothing scents and soothing properties really help ease soreness. Trust me, you'll feel the difference after soaking for just 15-20 minutes. Want to find out about more options that you might enjoy?
Key Takeaways
- Epsom salt soaks effectively promote relaxation and reduce muscle soreness after workouts, aiding in quicker recovery times.
- Products like Coach Soak and Dr. Teals offer unique blends of essential oils and magnesium for enhanced muscle relief.
- Many Epsom salt soaks feature calming scents, such as lavender and eucalyptus, which contribute to stress reduction during baths.
- Specialized formulations, like Athletic Recovery Bath Soak, combine natural ingredients for effective pain relief, ideal for athletes.
- Consider individual scent preferences and soak times, as effectiveness may vary based on personal sensitivity and product formulation.
Coach Soak Recovery Bath Soak – 3lbs (Calming Lavender)
If you're an athlete or someone with a physically demanding job, the Coach Soak Recovery Bath Soak in calming lavender is a game-changer for muscle recovery. I've tried it after intense workouts, and the results blew me away. This soak combines fast-absorbing magnesium flakes, mineral-rich Dead Sea salts, and Vitamin C crystals—no artificial ingredients here! The soothing lavender aroma and hydrating coconut oil make each soak feel luxurious. After just 20 minutes, I notice less muscle soreness and a greater sense of relaxation. It's become my go-to for winding down, proving more effective than traditional Epsom salts. Give it a try!
Best For: Athletes and individuals with physically demanding jobs seeking effective muscle recovery and relaxation.
Pros:
- Fast-absorbing magnesium flakes and mineral-rich Dead Sea salts enhance muscle recovery.
- Calming lavender scent and moisturizing coconut oil provide a luxurious bathing experience.
- Positive customer feedback highlights effectiveness and satisfaction with the product.
Cons:
- Some customers have reported issues with shipping, including damaged packaging.
- There may be occasional spills during delivery.
- A few users may prefer unscented options, which are available separately.
Dr Teals Pure Epsom Magnesium Salt Soak with Rosemary & Mint (Pack of 4)
Dr Teals Pure Epsom Magnesium Salt Soak with Rosemary & Mint is an excellent choice for anyone seeking effective muscle recovery after a long day or intense workout. This soak not only eases aches but also helps me relax and reduce stress with the soothing aroma of rosemary and mint. I pour at least two cups into warm running water and soak for 20 minutes to fully enjoy the benefits. My skin feels refreshed, and my mood lifts, making it perfect for post-activity recovery. Plus, it's paraben-free and cruelty-free, so I feel good about using it.
Best For: Individuals seeking effective muscle recovery and stress relief after physical activity or a long day.
Pros:
- Soothing aroma of rosemary and mint promotes relaxation and uplifts mood.
- Paraben-free and cruelty-free formulation for a guilt-free bathing experience.
- Refreshes skin and aids in post-activity muscle recovery when soaked for 20 minutes.
Cons:
- Some users report clumping issues that may affect how well the product dissolves in water.
- Bath may become extremely slippery after use, posing a safety risk.
- Limited availability in certain retail locations may make it harder to purchase.
Dr Teals Epsom Salt Magnesium Soak (3 lbs)
Looking for a way to soothe sore muscles after an intense workout? I recommend trying Dr Teals Epsom Salt Magnesium Soak. This 3 lbs bag combines pure Epsom salt with menthol and essential oils, making it perfect for muscle recovery. Just pour 2 cups into a warm bath and soak for 15-20 minutes; you'll feel the tension melt away. Users rave about its soothing effects and pleasant scent, although some find the menthol's cooling sensation surprising. It's a great choice for fighting inflammation and promoting relaxation, helping you bounce back stronger after every session.
Best For: Athletes and individuals seeking relief from muscle soreness and stress after workouts.
Pros:
- Provides soothing relief for sore muscles and promotes faster recovery post-exercise.
- Contains natural essential oils, enhancing the overall relaxation experience.
- Users report significant relief from various chronic pain conditions, including fibromyalgia.
Cons:
- Some users may find the menthol's cooling sensation uncomfortable or surprising.
- The fragrance can be overpowering or unpleasant for certain individuals.
- Caution is advised for those with sensitive skin due to the menthol content.
Dr. Teals Epsom Salt Soak Variety Gift Set (2 Pack)
For those seeking an effective solution to muscle recovery at home, the Dr. Teals Epsom Salt Soak Variety Gift Set (2 Pack) is a game-changer. This set includes a Muscle Recovery Soak with Arnica & Menthol and a Nourish and Protect Coconut Oil soak. I love how the pure Epsom salt eases soreness and promotes relaxation after tough workouts. Just pour 2 cups into warm bath water and soak for 20 minutes. The nourishing coconut oil leaves my skin feeling incredible. Despite some packaging quirks, the benefits far outweigh any downsides. I highly recommend this for anyone looking to rejuvenate!
Best For: Individuals seeking effective at-home muscle recovery and skin nourishment after workouts or long days.
Pros:
- Provides effective relief for sore muscles and promotes relaxation.
- Contains natural ingredients like Arnica, Menthol, and Coconut Oil for enhanced benefits.
- Comes in resealable bags, allowing for multiple uses and easy storage.
Cons:
- Some users reported strong scents that may not appeal to everyone.
- Packaging may appear smaller than expected, leading to potential disappointment.
- A few users experienced issues with the packaging, affecting usability.
Coach Soak Recovery Bath Soak (3lbs)
If you're seeking a powerful ally in muscle recovery, Coach Soak Recovery Bath Soak (3lbs) stands out with its blend of natural magnesium flakes and essential oils. I love how it combines Dead Sea salts with eucalyptus and tea tree oils, creating an invigorating soak. The 21 minerals and Vitamin C crystals work wonders for my muscles and joints, especially after a tough workout. I find that a 20-minute soak leaves me feeling relaxed and rejuvenated. Plus, the pleasant aroma and hydrating benefits of coconut oil make the experience even better. It's definitely become a staple in my recovery routine!
Best For: Anyone looking for an effective recovery solution after workouts or those seeking relaxation and relief from muscle and joint discomfort.
Pros:
- Contains natural ingredients like magnesium flakes and essential oils for enhanced recovery.
- Offers a soothing aroma and moisturizing benefits, enhancing the overall bathing experience.
- Users report effectiveness in relieving post-workout soreness and promoting relaxation.
Cons:
- Results may vary individually, with some users experiencing only mild pain relief.
- The product may not be suitable for those who are sensitive to essential oils or fragrances.
- Requires a 20-minute soak time, which may not fit into everyone's schedule.
Dr Teals Pure Epsom Magnesium Salt Soak (3 lbs)
Dr Teals Pure Epsom Magnesium Salt Soak (3 lbs) is perfect for anyone seeking a natural way to ease muscle soreness and stress after a long day. I love how it combines magnesium sulfate with soothing essential oils, inspired by natural hot springs. After a 20-minute soak, I feel my aches melt away, and I'm left revitalized. The light, citrusy scent calms my mind, while my skin feels healthier and softer. I even mix it with Dr Teal's body wash for a gentle exfoliation. Honestly, I find myself wanting to use it daily—it's that effective!
Best For: Individuals seeking a natural remedy for muscle soreness and stress relief through a soothing bath experience.
Pros:
- Eases aches and pains effectively, promoting relaxation.
- Contains essential oils that provide a calming and rejuvenating experience.
- Paraben-free, phthalate-free, cruelty-free, and vegan, making it a safe choice.
Cons:
- Does not create bubbles on its own, requiring a separate bubble bath for that experience.
- Some users may find the desire to use it daily could lead to quicker depletion of the product.
- Limited to bath use, which may not be suitable for everyone.
Dr Teals Epsom Magnesium Salt Soak with Eucalyptus & Spearmint Essential Oils
Looking for a way to unwind after a tough workout or a stressful day? I highly recommend Dr Teals Epsom Magnesium Salt Soak with Eucalyptus & Spearmint Essential Oils. This soak not only relaxes my body but also soothes my sore muscles and rejuvenates my skin. I find that soaking with two cups for 20 minutes twice a week really helps reduce stiffness and discomfort. The calming scent enhances my bath experience without being overpowering. Plus, it's cruelty-free and easy to purchase on Amazon. If you're looking to relieve muscle tension, this soak is definitely worth trying!
Best For: Individuals seeking relaxation and muscle relief after workouts or stressful days.
Pros:
- Promotes relaxation and reduces stress with calming eucalyptus and spearmint scent.
- Effectively soothes sore muscles and rejuvenates skin after soaking.
- Easy to use with convenient packaging and availability on platforms like Amazon.
Cons:
- Some users may find the scent slightly medicinal or odd.
- Results may vary based on individual sensitivity to Epsom salts.
- Not suitable for those with certain skin conditions or sensitivities to essential oils.
Athletic Recovery Bath Soak for Pain & Tension
Athletic Recovery Bath Soak is ideal for athletes and active individuals seeking quick relief from muscle pain and tension. I love how it combines natural Epsom salts with pure magnesium and soothing ingredients like Arnica, Clary Sage, and Eucalyptus. After a tough workout, soaking for 15-20 minutes works wonders for my sore muscles. The magnesium eases my discomfort, while the pleasant aroma helps me relax. Many users, including myself, have noticed improved recovery times and reduced reliance on pain medications. Though it might seem pricey, a little goes a long way, making it a worthwhile investment for regular use.
Best For: Athletes and active individuals seeking effective relief from muscle pain and tension after workouts.
Pros:
- Combines natural Epsom salts and pure magnesium for enhanced muscle recovery.
- Pleasant aroma from Clary Sage and Eucalyptus promotes relaxation during soaking.
- Users report significant pain relief and improved recovery times, reducing the need for pain medications.
Cons:
- Some customers may find the product to be on the pricier side.
- The effectiveness may vary based on individual needs and expectations.
- Requires a dedicated soak time of 15-20 minutes for optimal results.
Epsoak Sport Lavender Epsom Salt for Athletes (5 lbs)
For those seeking a rejuvenating post-workout experience, Epsoak Sport Lavender Epsom Salt (5 lbs) stands out as an ideal choice. This product combines Epsom salt with calming lavender essential oil, making it perfect for soothing sore muscles. After soaking, I've felt significant relief from pain and inflammation, especially in my feet and back. The pleasant lavender scent transforms my bath into a relaxing retreat, enhancing my recovery. While it may be a bit pricey, the quality and effectiveness truly justify the cost. Plus, the included scooping cup makes it so easy to use. I highly recommend it!
Best For: Athletes and active individuals seeking effective muscle recovery and relaxation after workouts.
Pros:
- Provides significant relief from muscle pain and inflammation.
- Pleasant lavender scent enhances the bathing experience and promotes relaxation.
- Includes a convenient scooping cup for easy usage.
Cons:
- Considered a bit pricey compared to other Epsom salt products.
- May not be suitable for individuals sensitive to strong scents.
- Results may vary based on individual conditions and expectations.
Ancient Minerals Magnesium Bath Flakes (8 lbs)
Ancient Minerals Magnesium Bath Flakes (8 lbs) are an excellent choice for anyone seeking effective muscle recovery and relaxation. Sourced from pure Genuine Zechstein magnesium chloride, these flakes dissolve quickly in warm water, creating a soothing bath that leaves my skin feeling soft and moisturized. I've noticed significant relief from muscle tension and soreness after my workouts. Plus, I can easily customize my soak or even use them for a luxurious foot bath. Compared to traditional Epsom salts, the enhanced magnesium absorption truly sets these flakes apart. I highly recommend them for anyone looking to enhance their wellness routine!
Best For: Athletes, individuals with magnesium deficiencies, and anyone seeking effective relaxation and muscle recovery.
Pros:
- High absorption efficiency of magnesium chloride for quicker relief from muscle soreness.
- Versatile usage for full-body baths, luxurious foot soaks, or creating magnesium sprays.
- Premium quality sourced from pure Genuine Zechstein magnesium chloride, enhancing overall wellness.
Cons:
- Higher cost compared to traditional Epsom salts, which may not fit all budgets.
- May require larger doses for noticeable effects, depending on individual needs.
- Potential for skin sensitivity in some users, necessitating caution with usage.
Magnesium Bath Soak for Pain Recovery
When I seek relief after an intense workout, the Magnesium Bath Soak stands out as the perfect choice for those with physically demanding lifestyles. With concentrated magnesium flakes from the Netherlands, this soak absorbs quickly and outperforms traditional Epsom salts. Blended with MSM and essential oils like rosemary and bergamot, it soothes muscle soreness and tension effectively. After using it, I often feel significant relief shortly after soaking. Its luxurious packaging adds a nice touch to my self-care routine, making each bath feel special. I recommend starting with half a cup for ideal results—it's become an essential part of my recovery process.
Best For: Athletes and active individuals looking for effective muscle recovery and relaxation after intense workouts.
Pros:
- High absorption of magnesium flakes provides rapid relief from muscle soreness.
- Includes MSM and therapeutic essential oils for enhanced relaxation and recovery.
- Luxurious packaging adds an aesthetic appeal to the self-care experience.
Cons:
- Some users report a need for clearer dosage instructions.
- Clumping can occur due to essential oils, though it does not affect performance.
- Initial adjustments may be needed to determine the ideal amount for different users.
Bath Bombs – Muscle-Recovery Bath Soak (4 Count)
Designed specifically for athletes and anyone dealing with muscle soreness, the Bath Bombs – Muscle-Recovery Bath Soak (4 Count) offer a powerful blend of Epsom salt and arnica to ease tension and pain. I love how these bath bombs combine natural ingredients like clary sage and eucalyptus, creating a soothing experience after my workouts. They help combat muscle tension and lactic acid buildup, making it easier to recover faster. Plus, they're hypoallergenic, so they work for various skin types. After trying them, I can confidently say they're a must-have for anyone looking to relax and rejuvenate.
Best For: Athletes and individuals seeking muscle recovery and pain relief after strenuous activities.
Pros:
- Enriched with natural ingredients like Epsom salt and arnica for effective pain relief.
- Hypoallergenic formulation suitable for various skin types.
- Provides a soothing and relaxing bath experience, promoting faster recovery.
Cons:
- Some users report shipping delays.
- A few suggest the need to cut bath bombs for a milder scent.
- Limited to four bombs per pack, which might not be sufficient for frequent use.
DAILY REMEDY Muscle Relief Body Soak with Epsom Salt
For anyone seeking relief from muscle pain and soreness, the DAILY REMEDY Muscle Relief Body Soak with Epsom Salt stands out as a top choice. This soak is crafted in the USA and offers a nutrient-rich formula that soothes tired muscles and alleviates joint soreness. I love how the blend of sea salts, eucalyptus, and arnica creates a calming aromatherapy experience. Just adding half to one cup to my bath works wonders for recovery after workouts. While the bag might seem small for the price, the results keep me coming back for more. It's truly a game-changer for my active lifestyle!
Best For: Athletes and individuals with an active lifestyle seeking relief from muscle pain and soreness.
Pros:
- Provides effective relief for sore muscles and joint soreness.
- Contains natural ingredients that offer a soothing aromatherapy experience.
- Positive user feedback highlights its effectiveness for muscle recovery.
Cons:
- Some customers find the bag size small relative to the price.
- Limited quantity may not be sufficient for multiple uses.
- Cost-effectiveness concerns due to the size of the packaging.
Muscle Relief Foot Soak with Epsom Salts (16oz)
If you're someone who spends long hours on your feet or pushes through intense workouts, the Muscle Relief Foot Soak with Epsom Salts is the perfect remedy for you. This 16oz soak transforms your foot care routine into a spa-like experience. With natural ingredients like lavender and eucalyptus, it soothes sore muscles and softens calluses while combating foot odor. Just soak your feet for 25 minutes, and you'll feel the difference immediately. Users rave about the pleasant fragrance and noticeable results after a single use. Trust me, your feet will thank you for this rejuvenating treat.
Best For: Individuals who experience sore feet from long hours of standing or intense workouts seeking relaxation and relief.
Pros:
- Promotes muscle recovery and alleviates foot soreness.
- Made with natural ingredients, safe for sensitive skin.
- Offers a pleasant fragrance, enhancing the overall soaking experience.
Cons:
- Requires a dedicated 25-minute soaking time.
- Limited to foot use only, not a full-body solution.
- Subscription options may not suit all customers' preferences.
Aromasong Muscle Recovery Bath Soak with Dead Sea Salt (14 oz. Bag)
Looking for a powerful solution to soothe sore muscles after a tough workout? I highly recommend the Aromasong Muscle Recovery Bath Soak with Dead Sea Salt. This 14 oz. bag features a blend of Dead Sea Salt, OptiMSM, and magnesium flakes that work wonders on muscle cramps and joint pain. Just add 1/2 cup to a warm bath and soak for 20 minutes. The essential oils, especially lavender, create a calming atmosphere while promoting recovery. Users rave about the quick relief and the soft feel of their skin afterward. It's become my go-to for relaxation and rejuvenation after any intense exercise!
Best For: Individuals seeking relief from muscle soreness and joint pain after workouts or long days.
Pros:
- Provides significant muscle and joint pain relief within minutes of soaking.
- Contains a blend of natural ingredients, including Dead Sea Salt and essential oils for a calming experience.
- Leaves skin feeling soft and refreshed after use.
Cons:
- Some users reported variability in the scent of the product.
- Requires preparation time for a bath, which may not be convenient for everyone.
- Results may vary based on individual sensitivity and condition of soreness.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Epsom Salt Soaks for Muscle Recovery
When I choose an Epsom salt soak for muscle recovery, I think about the ingredients and how they'll benefit my body. The scent also plays a role since aromatherapy can enhance relaxation. Plus, I like to check the packaging and usage instructions to make sure I'm getting the most out of my soak.
Ingredients and Composition
Choosing the right Epsom salt soak for muscle recovery involves understanding its ingredients and composition. I always look for products that contain magnesium sulfate, as magnesium is vital for muscle relaxation and recovery. It's also beneficial to take into account soaks with additional minerals like potassium and zinc; they can enhance the therapeutic effects. Natural ingredients like Dead Sea salts and MSM can further improve the soak's effectiveness by providing anti-inflammatory and skin-soothing properties. While essential oils such as eucalyptus, lavender, or peppermint can promote relaxation, I steer clear of products with artificial colors, preservatives, or synthetic fragrances that can irritate my skin. Prioritizing natural ingredients guarantees I'm getting the most from my soak.
Scent and Aromatherapy
While I immerse myself in a soothing Epsom salt soak, I find that the scent has a profound impact on my overall experience. The calming properties of essential oils like lavender, eucalyptus, and mint can transform my bathing ritual into a sanctuary of relaxation. I've noticed that these aromas not only reduce stress but also boost my mood, thanks to their influence on the limbic system. Enjoying a pleasant fragrance encourages me to stay in the soak longer, allowing my muscles to relax fully. Plus, scents like eucalyptus offer anti-inflammatory benefits that can aid my recovery. So, when choosing Epsom salt soaks, I always consider the scent, as it truly enhances my muscle recovery and overall well-being.
Absorption Rate Comparison
Understanding the absorption rates of different magnesium compounds can greatly impact your muscle recovery experience. I've noticed that Epsom salts, which contain magnesium sulfate, tend to absorb more slowly compared to magnesium chloride found in products like magnesium bath flakes. These flakes offer quicker absorption, often providing faster relief from muscle soreness and tension. Studies back this up, showing magnesium chloride can penetrate cell membranes more effectively, enhancing its benefits. Additionally, I've found that other ingredients like MSM or vital oils can boost absorption and add soothing effects. Ultimately, it's important to take into account your personal experience, as individual responses to these soaks can vary considerably. Choosing the right one can make all the difference in your recovery routine.
Packaging and Storage
After considering the absorption rates of different magnesium compounds, it's clear that how Epsom salt soaks are packaged and stored can greatly impact their effectiveness. Proper packaging is essential to prevent spills and damage during shipping, ensuring your product arrives intact. I always look for resealable bags or containers that maintain the quality and freshness after opening, allowing for multiple uses. Features like easy-to-pour spouts or scoops enhance my experience by providing accurate dosage. Clear labeling with usage instructions and ingredient lists helps me make informed choices. Plus, sturdy packaging prevents clumping and degradation over time, preserving the soak's effectiveness. By paying attention to packaging and storage, I can enjoy my Epsom salt soaks to the fullest!
Recommended Usage Instructions
When choosing Epsom salt soaks for muscle recovery, there are several key factors to contemplate to guarantee you get the most benefit. First, I recommend soaking in a warm bath with at least 2 cups of Epsom salt for 15-20 minutes. This allows your body to absorb magnesium and other minerals effectively. Make sure the Epsom salt fully dissolves in the water before you get in; this maximizes the soak's effectiveness. Frequency matters too; using Epsom salt soaks 1-2 times a week, or after intense workouts, can really help alleviate soreness. After soaking, don't forget to hydrate and rest to enhance recovery. Finally, always read product instructions, as dosages and soak times can vary.
Price and Value
Selecting the right Epsom salt soak for muscle recovery goes beyond just looking at the price tag. I've noticed that prices can vary from $5 to $30 per pound, influenced by the brand, ingredients, and packaging. While budget-friendly options exist, I often find that higher-priced products include beneficial extras like essential oils or specialized formulas that enhance recovery. For regular users, larger packages can offer better value, saving money in the long run. Customer feedback is essential too; products with positive reviews and repeat purchases usually indicate a worthwhile investment. Ultimately, weighing the effectiveness and overall experience against the cost helps me choose the best Epsom salt soak for my needs.
Additional Health Benefits
While considering Epsom salt soaks for muscle recovery, I find it's vital to recognize the additional health benefits they offer. These soaks can reduce inflammation and swelling in my muscles, speeding up recovery after intense workouts. The magnesium sulfate in Epsom salts absorbs through my skin, helping to relax my muscles and lessen soreness. Regular baths also improve my sleep quality, as magnesium aids in regulating sleep cycles and reducing stress. When I add essential oils like lavender or eucalyptus, I enhance relaxation and enjoy aromatherapy benefits that lift my mood. Plus, soaking in Epsom salt solutions exfoliates dead skin cells, softening rough patches and leaving my skin feeling nourished and hydrated. It's a win-win for recovery and overall wellness.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can Epsom Salt Soaks Help With Chronic Muscle Pain?
I've found that Epsom salt soaks can really help with chronic muscle pain. When I soak in warm water mixed with Epsom salt, it feels soothing, and I often notice a decrease in discomfort afterward. The magnesium in the salt might help relax my muscles and reduce inflammation. While it's not a cure-all, incorporating these soaks into my routine has definitely made a difference in how I manage my muscle pain.
How Often Should I Use Epsom Salt Soaks?
I typically use Epsom salt soaks about two to three times a week, depending on how my muscles feel. If I've had a particularly tough workout or I'm feeling sore, I'll increase it to every other day. It really helps me relax and eases any tension. Just make sure to listen to your body; if you feel good, you might not need them as often. Balance is key for me!
Are There Any Side Effects of Using Epsom Salt?
You might be wondering if Epsom salt's all benefits come without a catch. I've used it often, but I've experienced a few side effects worth noting. Some people might encounter skin irritation or allergic reactions, especially if they soak for too long. Dehydration can also happen if you don't drink enough water afterward. So, while it can be soothing, it's important to use it wisely and pay attention to your body.
Can I Use Epsom Salt Soaks During Pregnancy?
I've read that using Epsom salt soaks during pregnancy isn't generally recommended. While Epsom salt can be soothing, it's important to consult your healthcare provider first. They'll help you understand any potential risks, especially regarding absorption of magnesium. Personally, I'd be cautious and explore other relaxation methods like warm baths without additives. Ultimately, your health and the baby's well-being should come first, so always seek professional advice.
What Temperature Should the Water Be for an Epsom Salt Soak?
When I soak in Epsom salt, I find that the water temperature makes all the difference. Too hot, and it can be overwhelming; too cold, and I don't feel the benefits. I usually aim for warm water, around 90 to 102 degrees Fahrenheit. This temperature feels soothing yet invigorating, helping me relax while allowing the salts to work their magic. It's the perfect balance for a rejuvenating experience!
Conclusion
So there you have it—my top picks for Epsom salt soaks that can turn your post-workout routine from a weary slog into a spa-like experience. Who needs a personal masseuse when you can transform your bathtub into an oasis of relaxation? Just don't forget to bring your rubber ducky for moral support. After all, nothing says "I've conquered leg day" like soaking in a mountain of salt while contemplating the meaning of life—and maybe your next workout.
Jason dives deep into the science of skincare patches. He stays on top of the latest research and product releases to bring our readers factual, up-to-date information. His meticulous approach to verifying facts and debunking myths makes him an invaluable asset to the team.
